Includes the definition and historical development, along with the status of religious bodies.

Days on which in the early Church fast was observed until the Hour of None (between twelve and three o'clock), later of Sext (nine to twelve), as distinct from the strict observance of the fast day proper until Vespers (three to six).

Consists of the civil territory which for over 1000 years (754-1870) acknowledged the pope as temporal ruler.

Stages in the spiritual life.

The Church and the State are both perfect societies, that is to say, each essentially aiming at a common good commensurate with the need of mankind at large and ultimate in a generic kind of life, and each juridically competent to provide all the necessary and sufficient means thereto.

Writer and artist, born at Deerfield, Massachusetts, 29 August, 1824; died at Durand, Illinois, 8 September, 1901.

Born at Stara Wola, near Cracow, 1585; died at Cracow, 1656; studied at Louvain, but took his degrees in the University of Cracow, after which he travelled in various countries of Western Europe.

Controversialist, born at Henfield, Sussex, July, 1535; died at Louvain, 12 Oct., 1598.

Nothing is known of his career, except that he was a priest living in Flanders, and that in 1639 he published at Brussels a book called "Catechismus seu doctrina Christiana Latino-hibernica", which was the first book in which Irish was printed in Roman type.

Theologian, born at Osnabrück, 27 Aug., 1512; died at Ingolstadt, 5 March, 1564.

Theologian, born at Fliess in the valley of the Upper Inn in the Tyrol, Austria, 15 August, 1785; died at Brixen, 10 January, 1844.

An Italian word signifying room, chamber, apartment. In English the term is chiefly used for Raphael's celebrated Stanze in the Vatican Palace, four in number, the walls of which were frescoed by Raphael and his pupils.

Catholic controversialist, historian, and devotional writer, born at Dublin, 1547; died at Brussels, 1618.

Astronomer, b. at Olmütz, Moravia, 1621; d. at Bahia, Brazil, 18 Dec., 1705.

Vicariate Apostolic in the Belgian Congo.

Diocese of the Greek-Ruthenian Rite, in Galicia, Austria, suffragan of Lemberg.

Bishop and martyr, d. 1079. The patron saint of Poland.

Polish Jesuit, died in 1568 at the age of 17, less than a year after entering the Society.

English painter, b. at Sunderland, 1793; d. at Hampstead, near London, 1867.

An abbey of Benedictine nuns, midway between Malvern and Worcester, England.

Seats in a choir, wholly or partly enclosed on the back and sides.

The popular name for the glass used in the making of coloured windows.

Bavarian hagiographer, b. at Parkstetten, in the Diocese of Ratisbon, 24 Dec., 1804; d. at Augsburg, 30 Dec., 1868.