Biographical article that focuses on the King of England's constitutional and legal reforms, and his conflict with Thomas Becket.

Short biography of the English Franciscan, martyred for being a priest. He died in 1643.

A layman and convert to Catholicism, martyred at York in 1597. Explains the circumstances which led to his martyrdom.

Jesuit theologian, b. at Oporto, 1536; d. at Tivoli, 28 January, 1608.

A Cistercian of the Spanish Congregation; b. at Madrid, 1594; d. 23 December, 1632, at Louvain.

Baron, French magistrate, historian, and journalist; b. at Metz, 19 June, 1805; d. at Aix, September, 1862.

A Carmelite theologian, b. in 1630, at Ath in Hainaut, Belgium; d. in 1719 or 1720, near Liège.

The unsuccessful law made by the Emperor Zeno in order to conciliate Catholics and Monophysites.

Introductory article.

The name of the son of Cain (Gen., iv, 17, 18), of a nephew of Abraham (Gen., xxv, 4), of the first-born of Ruben (Gen., xlvi, 9), and of the son of Jared and the father of Mathusala (Gen., v. 18 sq.).

One of the most famous explorers in the wilds of North America during the seventeenth century.

Catholic priest and the inventor of the horizontal pendulum, b. at Reichenhofen, Würtemberg, 3 Feb., 1806; d. at Tigerfeld, 1858.

Twenty-second Bishop of Cebú, Philippine Islands, b. at Penn Yan, New York, U.S.A., 29 Oct., 1849; d. at Cebú, 29 Nov., 1909.

Theologian, musician, singer, and writer. (1850-1909)

A provost at Solothurn, in Switzerland, born at Zurich, in 1388 or 1389; died about 1460.

Usually known as Hippolyte, his name in religion. Born at Paris, in 1660; died there 5 January, 1716.

The name of several Latin writers.

A religious order of women founded in Paris, France, 1856, with the object of assisting the Holy Souls, by [Blessed] Eugénie Smet (in religion, Marie de la Providence).

Born at Brussels, 1577; died near Vilvorde, 30 December, 1644. This scientist, distinguished in the early annals of chemistry, belonged to a Flemish family.

A historian, born in the first half of the twelfth century; died about 1177.

19th-century French philosopher and essayist. Article by Susan Tracy Otten.

Astronomer, b. at Schemnitz in Hungary, 15 May, 1720; d. at Vienna, 14 April, 1792.

Hell (infernus) in theological usage is a place of punishment after death.