These councils have a unique importance for the Church in the United States, inasmuch as the earlier ones legislated for practically the whole territory of the Republic, and furnished moreover a norm for all the later provincial councils of the country.

Provides details of three councils held in 1852, 1866, and 1884.

History includes colonial and American periods.

The Greek and Latin name for Belshazzar, which is the Hebrew equivalent for Bel­sarra­usur, i.e., "May Bel protect the king".

A canonist of the Greek Church, born in the second half of the twelfth century at Constantinople; died there, after 1195.

Balsam is an oily, resinous, and odorous substance, which flows spontaneously or by incision from certain plants, and which the Church mixes with olive oil for use as chrism.

Philosopher and publicist, b. at Vich, Spain, 28 August, 1810; d. there, 9 July, 1848.

A Franciscan theologian, born at Genera, date uncertain; d. 23 February, 1439.

Celebrated theologians and canonists, the sons of a distinguished surgeon of Verona.

Jesuit theologian. (1805-1881)

One of the three suffragan dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Melbourne, Australia.

Born in Dublin 9 January, 1794; died 19 May, 1861; foundress of the Irish Branch of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

A group in the western part of the Mediterranean belonging to Spain and consisting of four larger islands, Majorca, Minorca, Iviza, and Formentera, and eleven smaller islands of rocky formation.

Jurist. (1520-1573)

Thirty-ninth Archbishop, a native of Exeter, date of birth unknown; d. 19 Nov., 1190.

Archbishop of Trier and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, born 1285; died 1354.

Known as Grien or Grun, from his fondness for brilliant green, both in his own costume and in his pictures, a vigorous and distinguished painter, engraver, and draughtsman on wood, b. at Gmund, Swabia, about 1476; d. at Strasburg, 1545.

Two saints of this name have the same feast day. One was a Celt; the other, and Englishman.

A notable Florentine painter, b. in Florence, 14 October, 1427; d. there, 29 August, 1499.

An Italian poet and savant, b. at Urbino, 5 June, 1553; d. at the same place, 10 October, 1617.

A monk of Liège, a writer and teacher of the twelfth century, b. date unknown, at Florennes in Belgium; d. about 1157.

Bishop of Dol, in France, chronicler, b. about 1050; d. 7 January, 1130.

A German poet. (1604-1668)