Among the Jews, as among most Oriental peoples, the beard was especially cherished as a symbol of virility; to cut off another man's beard was an outrage.

Essay on chaplets, rosaries, prayer ropes, prayer cords. Brief treatment of the use of beads in prayer by non-Christians.

Third Bishop of Vincennes (now the Diocese of Indianapolis). (1796-1848)

An Italian canonist, b. about the middle of the thirteenth century of a noble Ghibelline family; d. at Avignon, 10 August, 1313.

Diocese comprising the Department of Basses-Pyrenees.

Jesuit mathematician and scientist. (1816-1892)

First Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.; eighth Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland. (1814-1877)

Coextensive with the Department of Calvados, is suffragan to the Archbishopric of Rouen.

Born at Saragossa, 9 March, 1734; died Madrid, 4 August, 1795, a distinguished religious and historical painter.

Eldest daughter of Andrew Parmentier, b. in Belgium, 4 July, 1814, and d. in Brooklyn, New York, 22 January, 1892.

An English Jesuit, born at Cornwall, 1563; died at St.-Omer, 28 September, 1632.

Named after the German tribe called Boiarii.

Franciscan, who taught theology and metaphysics at the convent of St. Francis of Mexico.

Philosopher and theologian. (1796-1867)

A French cardinal, writers, and statesman. (1748-1824)

Theologian, b. in 1564 at Mouzon, Ardennes, France; d. 3 December, 1649, at Saint Pol de Léon.

Educator, b. at Bellgarde (Loiret), France, in 1828.

A Swiss statesman, b. 18 October, 1797, at Altstätten, Switzerland; d. 12 July, 1869, at St. Gallen.

Swiss poet and writer. (1841-1910)

Italian missionary born 1692. Entered the Society of Jesus in France at the age of twenty-one, arrived in Louisiana in 1728.

Regular Canon and economist, b. at Amboise, France, 25 April, 1730; d. in 1792.

German physician, novelist, and poet, b. at Thannhausen in Swabian Bavaria, 3 March, 1809; d. at the same place, 8 February, 1883.

Founded by William the Conqueror on the site of the Battle of Senlae or Hastings (1066).